Precipitate
英 [prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt , prɪˈsɪpɪtət]
美 [prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt , prɪˈsɪpɪtət]
基本释义
[verb] cause (an event or situation, typically one that is bad or undesirable) to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely.
外刊例句
This precipitated a stall rather than, as instended, preventing one.
——《The Economist》
原本为防止飞机失速而设计的程序反而引向了失速。But no one wanted to precipitate a constitutional crisis.
——《The New York Times》
但没有人想要引发一场宪法危机。
名著用例
Their silverfoil of leaves precipitating, their skinny arms ageing and swaying.
银纸叶子坠落，骨瘦如柴的胳膊老迈而摇来摆去。
深入解读
Precipitate 词源拉丁语 praecipities(陡峭的、头朝前的、头朝下的)，其基本含义为“是陡然下降、猛然投下”，比如：
The birdge broke and precipitated 3 cars into the abyss below.
桥断了，3辆汽车栽进桥下的深渊。
无论是陡然还是猛然发生的事情，往往都不是什么好事，后来 precipitate 就被用来表示“使（通常不好的事件或形势）突然降临”或“加速（坏事的发生）”，比如：
Her failure in stock speculation precipitated her ruin.
证券投机的失败使她一下子破了产。
常用搭配 precipitate sb/sth into sth 则表示“使突然陷入（某种状态）”或“使猛力投入”，比如：
The assassination of the president precipitate the country into war.
总统被暗杀使国家骤然陷入战争状态。
He precipitated himself into fianl grapple.
他奋力投入最后的决斗。
突然发生的事情往往都没有经过深思熟虑或仔细斟酌，所以 precipitate 作形容词时，除了表示“突然的、突如其来的”以外，还可以表示“（行动或决定）鲁莽的、草率的、仓促的”，强调缺乏应有的考虑或过早地做出决策，比如:
I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.
我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
另外， precipitate 在物理、化学、气象领域，还可以作动词表示“沉淀、淀析、凝结”，这个含义用作名词时，则是指“沉淀物、淀析物、凝结物”，比如：
Clouds usually precipitate as rain or snow.
云常会凝结成雨或雪。
cooling the beaker helps precipitate the compound.
给烧杯降温有助于化合物沉淀。
同近义词
accelerate: (of a vehicle or other physical object) begin to move more quickly.
hasten: cause (something) to happen sooner than it otherwise would.
expedite: make (an action or process) happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Pedigree
pedigree：[‘pedɪgriː]
n. 家谱，血统
adj. 纯种的
pedigree (家谱) 源于古法语中的 pied de gru (foot of crane), 因为鹤的脚丫形状与树状的家谱图很像。
pedigree 中的 pe = foot, 如 impede (妨碍)
拉丁词根here, hes（stick 附着）相关词汇
coherence
英 [kəʊˈhɪərəns] 美 [koʊˈhɪrəns]
连贯性、条理性
The points you make are fine, but the whole essay lacks coherence.
你提出的论点很好，但整篇文章缺乏呼应连贯。
cohesion
英 [kəʊˈhiːʒn] 美 [koʊˈhiːʒn]
【正式用语】黏合、结合、凝聚性；内聚力
The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.
党内缺乏凝聚力使他们在选举中失去了选票。
adhere
英 [ədˈhɪə(r)] 美 [ədˈhɪr]
【正式用语】黏附、附着
A smooth, dry surface helps the tiles adhere to the wall.
平滑、干燥的墙面有助于瓷砖粘在墙上。
cohere
英 [kəʊˈhɪə(r)] 美 [koʊˈhɪr]
不同的看法、论点、句子等）连贯、一致；（人）齐心协力、团结一致
The various elements of the novel fall to cohere.
这部小说的各部分之间缺乏连贯性。
It can be difficult to get a group of people to cohere.
要使一群人做到彼此一条心有时候很困难。
inherent
英 [ɪnˈherənt] 美 [ɪnˈhɪrənt]
固有的、内在的
There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
几乎每种运动本身都带有危险／风险。
I have an Inherent distrust of lawyers.
我生来对律师就有种不信任感。
与惹人愤怒生气相关的英语习语
drive sb up the wall
令（某人）大怒，令（某人）暴跳如雷
Are you trying to drive me up the wall stop asking that stupid question.
你想把我逼疯吗？别再问那个愚蠢的问题了。
drive sb around the bend / send sb round the bend
使……厌烦、使……生气
My mother’s been driving me around the bend.
我妈妈一直让我感到厌烦。
Staying at home all day was driving her around the bend.
整天呆在家里，快把她憋疯了。
rub sb up the wrong way / rub sb the wrong way
（无意间）触犯（某人）、惹恼（某人）
As soon as they met they started to rub each other up the wrong way.
他们刚一见面就惹得彼此很不高兴。
put/get sb’s back up
惹（某人）生气
Just ignore him - he’s only trying to put your back up.
别理他——他只是在成心惹你生气。
ruffle sb’s feathers
使（某人）心烦意乱、使（某人）生气、使（某人）恼怒
She konws how to ruffle his feathers.
她知道怎样去惹他发火。
put/set the cat among the pigeons
（言行）造成轩然大波、招惹是非
If you tell them this shocking news, I believe that will put the cat among the pigeons.
如果你告诉他们这则可怕的新闻，我相信那将会闹得鸡飞狗跳。
not be on speaking terms
（因生气）互不理睬、冷战
They had an argument last night and now they’re not on speaking terms (with each other).
他们昨晚吵了一架，到现在还互不理睬。
give sb an earful
训斥……，斥责……，向……抱怨
I bet Sue gave you an earful when you got home.
我敢说你到家时苏肯定数落了你一番。
give sb a piece of your mind
严厉责备，斥责（某人）
I’m going to give that mechainc a piece of my mind if the car’s not fixed this time.
如果那辆车这次再修不好的话，我得教训那个机修工一顿。
emphasis与stress辨析
这两个名词均可表示“强调”之意。
emphasis : 指尽力突出的重要性或重点。
- I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it.
我认为我们应该像重视治疗一样重视疾病的预防。 - Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on written work and grammar.
这里的学校特别重视写作和语法。
stress : 常可与emphasis换用，但侧重指迫不及待地强调或坚持。
- During his speech, he laid particular stress on the freedom of the press.
他在讲话中特别强调了新闻自由。